The Transformation of Cicadas: Observing Their Journey on Tree Trunks

During a recent filming of "Walk With the Arborist," host Scott stumbled upon a remarkable sight—cicadas clinging to the trunk of a majestic tree. This moment sparked a deep dive into the incredible transformation these insects undergo. Cicadas go through a stunning metamorphosis, and tracking this process enriches our understanding of nature and highlights the interconnectedness of ecosystems. Let’s look closer at the transformation of cicadas as they grow from soft, newly emerged forms to sturdy adults.

Understanding Cicadas and Their Lifecycle

Cicadas are fascinating insects recognized for their distinctive calls, especially in the warmer months. They belong to the Cicadidae family and are known for their unique life cycles, which can last several years. Some species, like the 17-year cicada (Magicicada septendecim), take nearly two decades to mature.

Emerging from their nymph stage after years underground, cicadas feed on the sap from tree roots. Their emergence often coincides with environmental signals like temperature and humidity changes. This synchronization allows them to surface in large groups, enhancing their chances of survival against predators. Studies show that up to 90% of cicadas in a brood can emerge at once, creating a spectacular natural event.

The Emergence Process

While observing cicadas on the tree trunk, we witnessed the first stage of their transformation: emergence. This process begins with the nymph crawling up the tree to find a suitable spot for shedding its exoskeleton. At this point, the cicada appears vulnerable, with a body that is still soft and pale.

Emergence usually occurs during the night or early morning. Once they reach their chosen spot, the nymph breaks free from its exoskeleton, transforming into an adult cicada—a process that may take several hours. During this time, the cicada's body begins to inflate with fluid and gradually takes on its adult shape.

Soft Bodies, Hardening Over Time

Initially, newly emerged cicadas are soft and completely white, clinging to the tree trunk like miniature aliens. This critical phase in their lifecycle renders them vulnerable to desiccation and predators. Over the next few hours and days, these cicadas undergo significant changes.

As they pump fluid into their wings, their bodies begin to harden into the familiar green or brown hues that we associate with adult cicadas. This transformation is vital, as they gain both maturity and resilience. The adult coloring helps them blend into their surroundings, offering camouflage and protection. Interestingly, studies show that brighter coloration can indicate higher fitness levels in cicadas, which may aid in their mating success.

The Role of Trees in Cicada Development

Trees are essential to cicadas. Not only do they provide habitat for emergence, but they also supply the sap cicadas rely on both during their nymph stage and after they emerge. This interdependence emphasizes the importance of maintaining healthy tree ecosystems.

Filming with Scott also highlighted the crucial role that arborists play in preserving trees, which in turn supports various wildlife, including cicadas. Healthy trees foster biodiversity, allowing insects and other animals to thrive. Research indicates that diverse habitats can enhance species richness by up to 50%.

The Sounds of Cicadas: A Result of Transformation

Once their bodies have hardened, cicadas begin producing their iconic sounds. Male cicadas call to attract females during mating season. This shift from silent, soft-bodied nymphs to the buzzing adults reflects the remarkable changes they experience.

Cicadas produce sound using a specialized organ called a tymbal, which vibrates rapidly. The acoustic displays vary by species, with some cicadas capable of producing sounds reaching 120 decibels, loud enough to be heard from more than a mile away. These sounds create a unique soundscape marking the arrival of summer.

Observing the Transformation: A Timely Journey

Witnessing the cicadas' transformation is a reminder of the intricate processes in nature that often go unnoticed. Observing them on the tree trunk offered a valuable opportunity to appreciate their lifecycle and understand the delicate balance of ecosystems.

As Scott noted during filming, patience and observation are key to understanding nature. Like cicadas, the world often changes slowly and requires time to reveal its wonders.

Reflecting on Nature's Marvels

The transformation of cicadas from soft-bodied nymphs to fully formed adults acts as a powerful reminder of our relationship with the natural world. As we observe and document these unique insects, we gain insights that deepen our appreciation for the ecosystem around us.

This journey underscores the need to value and protect our arboreal environments, which serve as crucial habitats for numerous species. Whether you are a nature enthusiast or simply someone who enjoys the beauty of nature, observing transformations like those of cicadas enhances our understanding of life itself.

Cicadas, through their unique stories and sounds, remind us of the life cycles playing out around us, often unseen. As each new season brings forth the flourishing of trees and the emergence of cicadas, we get another chance to witness nature's beauty.

The day Scott discovered cicadas on the tree trunk became more than just a moment; it evolved into a celebration of metamorphosis and a reminder of our duty to protect the natural world. It invites us all to look closely, listen intently, and appreciate the extraordinary transformations happening right before our eyes.